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There has been a decrease in the ability of biologists to identify their material correctly, particu- larly plants of complicated genera with common agamospermy, where old clonal entities are accorded the rank of species (microspecies). Agamospermous microspecies are taxonomic enti- ties recognizable from one another by a set of minute morphological features. The knowledge of microspecies is confined to a few specialists. Specialists usemicrospecies names but there could be inconsistencies in the taxonomic concepts used by different, geographically remote experts.

R is nowadays probably the most powerful tool for statistics of all types. There are plenty of modules available for work with molecular data. Those will be introduced during the course. Previous knowledge of R is useful, but not necessary. If there is at least one participant not speaking Czech, the course will be in English.

Since academic year 2015/16 is the course scheduled in SIS as MB120C16.

Structure is very popular software for revealing population structure. Here I describe easy workflow how to run independent runs of Structure in parallel to speed up whole process using statistical software R and how to facilitate use of CLUMPP and distruct with easy BASH scripts.

Arlequin is very popular tool for population genetics and in recent version (3.5) it has version running on Linux (arlecore, only computational core without GUI) as well as possibility to parse output using R statistical language. Those two features are described only briefly in official manual. I faced some issues when running Arlequin on Linux and parsing output using R. I'm describing here my solutions in case someone else would hava similar needs and problems.