Bioinformatika

Hybridization is a widespread phenomenon in the evolution of plants and exploring its role is crucial to understanding diversification processes of many taxonomic groups. Recently, more attention is focused on the role of ancient hybridization that has repeatedly been shown as triggers of evolutionary radiation, although in some cases, it can prevent further diversification. The causes, frequency, and consequences of ancient hybridization remain to be explored.

Elucidating the evolution of recently diverged and polyploid-rich plant lineages may be challenging even with high-throughput sequencing, both for biological reasons and bioinformatic difficulties. Here, we apply target enrichment with genome skimming (Hyb-Seq) to unravel the evolutionary history of the Alyssum montanum-A. repens species complex. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in diploids supported recent and rapid diversification accompanied by reticulation events.

Praktický kurz fylogenomických metod se zaměřením na NGS metodu Hyb-Seq. Metoda Hyb-Seq kombinuje cílené obohacení a tzv. mělké sekvenování genomu. V rámci kurzu budou probrány základy i nejnovějších poznatky v oblasti Hyb-Seq (návrh sond, laboratorní postup, analýza dat). Součástí kurzu je i práce s daty a jejich praktické analýzy různými přístupy, od primárních dat po konstrukci evolučních stromů koalescenčními a dalšími metodami. V laboratorní části kurzu budou připravovány a obohacovány NGS knihovny s využitím sonikátoru.

Non-coding repetitive DNA (repeatome) is an active part of the nuclear genome, involved in its structure, evolution and function. It is dominated by transposable elements (TEs) and satellite DNA and is prone to the most rapid changes over time. The TEs activity presumably causes the global genome reorganization and may play an adaptive or regulatory role in response to environmental challenges.

Praktický kurz fylogenomických metod se zaměřením na NGS metodu Hyb-Seq. Metoda Hyb-Seq kombinuje cílené obohacení a tzv. mělké sekvenování genomu. V rámci kurzu budou probrány základy i nejnovějších poznatky v oblasti Hyb-Seq (návrh sond, laboratorní postup, analýza dat). Součástí kurzu je i práce s daty a jejich praktické analýzy různými přístupy, od primárních dat po konstrukci evolučních stromů koalescenčními a dalšími metodami. V laboratorní části kurzu budou připravovány a obohacovány NGS knihovny s využitím sonikátoru.

Custom probe design for target enrichment in phylogenetics is tedious and often hinders broader phylogenetic synthesis. The universal angiosperm probe set Angiosperms353 may be the solution. Here, we test the relative performance of Angiosperms353 on the Rosaceae subtribe Malinae in comparison with custom probes that we specifically designed for this clade. We then address the impact of bioinformatically altering the performance of Angiosperms353 by replacing the original probe sequences with orthologs extracted from the Malus domestica genome.

Set of scripts to run STRUCTURE in parallel on computing grids like MetaCentrum. Scripts are designed for grids and clusters using PBS Pro, but can be easily adopted for another queue system.

Parallel evolution provides powerful natural experiments for studying repeatability of evolution and genomic basis of adaptation. Well-documented examples from plants are, however, still rare, as are inquiries of mechanisms driving convergence in some traits while divergence in others. Arabidopsis arenosa, a predominantly foothill species with scattered morphologically distinct alpine occurrences is a promising candidate. Yet, the hypothesis of parallelism remained untested.